Hasanveyhîler

The Hasanveyhids were a Kurdish dynasty that ruled in the Cibâl region of western Iran in the 10th century. The dynasty takes its name from its founder, Hasanveyh, and maintained its existence within the framework of its relations with the Büveyhids, the dominant power of the period.

Hasanveyh and the Büveyhids

The founder of the dynasty, Hasanveyh, developed good relations with the Büveyhid ruler Rüknüddevle. However, the Büveyhid ruler Muizüddevle, who ruled in Iraq, saw him as a threat to his own reign. For this reason, Muizüddevle sent a large army against Şehrezor in 355/965. Hasanveyh prepared against this Büveyhid army advancing from Musul and defeated the army somewhere west of Erbil. Thereupon, Muizüddevle prepared a second army and sent it against Dînever; Hasanveyh, despite the destruction in Dînever, resisted this force with his army. Muizüddevle, unable to achieve a result, was forced to make a peace agreement with Hasanveyh by sending him 50,000 dinars (Volume 1, p. 120).

Bedir and the Struggle for the Throne

After Hasanveyh, the emirate passed to Bedir, whom Adudüddevle appointed as emir by bestowing a robe of honor. During this time, Adudüddevle gave valuable gifts to Bedir's brothers, Âsım and Abdülmelik; however, when these two brothers later engaged in rebellious activities against Bedir and the Büveyhids, Adudüddevle eliminated them. With the support he received, Bedir established complete dominance in Sâbûrhâst, Dînever, Ahvâz, Burûcerd, Esedâbâd, and Nihâvend. After Adudüddevle's death in 372/983, a struggle for the throne began among the members of the dynasty, and Adudüddevle's son, Şerefüddevle, ascended the Büveyhid throne in Baghdad. Because Şerefüddevle supported his uncle Fahrüddevle, he sent an army under the command of Karatekin el-Cehşiyârî against Bedir in 377/988; Karatekin defeated Bedir, whom he encountered in the Karmisin valley, in the first phase of the battle (Volume 1, p. 121).

Bedir's Rule and the End of the Emirate

Bedir established justice and security in the regions under his rule and minted coins in his own name. He distributed large amounts of money to the Bedouin Arabs living along the Mecca road so that they would not harass pilgrims, thus enabling pilgrims to travel comfortably; he also made great efforts to ensure that commercial activities could be carried out smoothly in the regions under his rule. After Bedir's assassination, the Büveyhid ruler Şemsüddevle seized all the territories belonging to the Hasanveyhid Emirate. Tâhir b. Hilâl, located in Şehrezor, attacked Şemsüddevle to reclaim his lands but could not escape defeat, was captured, and imprisoned in Hemedân (Volume 1, p. 122).