Mahmud Berzenci

Mahmud Berzenci (also spelled Mahmud Mahmud) was a Kurdish leader who led the process of the formation of the Kurdish Government in Sulaymaniyah at the end of World War I and is referred to in Ottoman archival documents as the "Sheikh Mahmud berzenci movement" (Volume 3, p. 121; Volume 3, s. 128). The Berzenci family's influence over Sulaymaniyah was also reflected in documents from the Second Mehrutiyet period. According to records, the TTC governments eventually tried to weaken and control the conflict between the Berzenzi and Talabani tribes by creating a struggle for sovereignty over Sulaimaniyah on the Ottoman-Iranian border (Volume 3, p. 115). This policy has been evaluated in the context of the deformation of the social structures specific to the Kurdish community by external intervention (Volume 3, p. 115). This record shows that the position of Sheikh Mahmud was observed in the Ottoman center even before the Intermediate of Mondros (Volume 3, p. 120). 121. The catalogues of the British occupation of Mosul and the Ottoman army's withdrawal from the Ottomans contain documents on Kurdish-English relations and conflicts throughout South Kurdistan, the Sheikh Mahmud Berzenji movement and the British's activities in Kurdistan and general Kurdish and Kurdish policy (Volume 3, p. 128). 132). ## The archive catalogues also contain a telegram from the Suleymanian emigrant consort, signed by Nuri and Eshad Tevfik, to the Ottoman government regarding the disrupted relations between Sheikh Mahmud Berzenci and the British administration in Sulaymaniya (Volume 3, p. 121). This document shows that the movement can be traced not only from English sources, but also from the complaints and information that the region's nobility brought to the Ottoman center (Cilt 3, p. 121). Zekî Beg writes that during World War I many of the Kurdish tribes and mujahideen joined the war voluntarily under the banner of Sheikh Mahmud along with their own representatives and commanders (Collection: Zekîbeg, History of Kurds and Kurdistan, PDF p. 243). According to the same work, the weekly newspaper "Rojî Kurdistan" (Kurdistan Güneşi), published by Muhammad Nuri Efendi, was the publishing body of the Sheikh Mahmud government and was published by his order; the newspaper was published fifteen issues until March 3, 1923, when it became the second ruler of Sheikh Mehmud Sulaymaniyeh (Collection: Zekî Beg, Kurds and Kurdistan History, PDF, p. 325). The influence of the Lozan Periodist Yank Movement extends to post-war diplomatic documents: catalogues from the time of the Lazan Conference, along with correspondence on the negotiation of the Kurdistan issue at the conference, contain documents on "Sheikh Mahmud's movement in South Kurdistan" (Volume 3, p. 140). Thus, the process under the leadership of Sheikh Mahmud Berzenci can be traced with an uninterrupted chain of documents from the local situation reports in 1918 to the international negotiation paper, which extends to 1923 (Volume 3, p. 120; Volume 3, s. 140).