ENCYCLOPEDIA
Explore the topics of Kurdish history from A to Z; every entry is drawn from primary sources.
Bahaeddin Ibn Shaddad (d. 1234) was a medieval Islamic historian and statesman who witnessed the Ayyubid period and wrote the biography of Sultan Saladin. In sources...
İbn Asâkir is a medieval Muslim historian who grew up in Damascus and died in Damascus in 571/1175 (Volume 1, p. 136). Sources of Kurdish history in the Islamic period...
Ibn Battuta was a medieval traveller who was one of the most prominent representatives of the travel literature of the Islamic period and is known as the most f…
İbn Cübeyr (Abu'l-Hasan Muhammad) is an Andalusian traveler and author who lived in the 12th century. With his travelogue, Islamic geography and travel... written after him.
İbn Haldûn (1 Ramadan 732 / May 27, 1332 – 26 Ramadan 808 / March 17, 1406) is a famous historian and thinker born in Tunis and died in Cairo. Ancient... of Kurdish history.
İbn Hallikân, who lived in the 13th century, is one of the leading biographers and qadis of the Islamic world. His lineage goes back to the Barmakids, the famous vizier family of the Abbasids...
İbn Hawqal al-Nasibi (Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad; d. AH 367 / AD 977) is a geographer originally from Nusaybin and known for his work Sūrat al-Arḍ. Balkh geography school...
İbn Khurradadhbih (d. 300/912-13) is one of the leading geographers of the early Islamic period and is considered one of the founding figures of the descriptive geography tradition. The most famous...
İbn Qutaybah (full name Abu Muhammad Abdullah b. Muslim b. Qutaybah al-Dīnawarī; d. 276/889), with his works in the fields of language, literature, Quranic sciences, hadith, and history...
İbn Wasil (İbn Wasil al-Hamawi) is a historian and scholar based in Hama who lived during the Ayyubid and early Mamluk periods. Among the main source writers of Ayyubid history...
Ibn al-Jawzi (Abu'l-Faraj; d. 597/1201) is one of the leading historians and scholars of the medieval Islamic world. His most famous work, the general history al-Muntazam fi...
Ibn al-Athir, full name Izz al-Din Abu'l-Hasan Ali b. Muhammad b. Abd al-Karim al-Shaybani al-Jazari, is one of the leading historians of the medieval Islamic world (11...
Ibn al-Azraq al-Fariqi (full name Ahmad b. Yusuf b. Ali) is a Muslim historian based in Mayyafariqin who lived in the 12th century. He gained his main fame from the history of his hometown...
Idris-i Bitlisi, born in Bitlis, is a leading historian and statesman of Kurdish origin from the Ottoman period (Volume 4, p. 89; Volume 4, p. 106). Both Ottoman official historiography...
al-Idrisi (d. 1165) is a medieval author, one of the most renowned representatives of the classical Islamic geographical tradition. The most famous... of the Ptolemaic (Ptolemy) school of geography.
Amadiya, located today in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, is a historical castle-city known for its protected mountainous location and the center of a Kurdish principality bearing the same name...
Imad al-Din al-Isfahani is one of the leading bureaucrats, state scribes, and historians of the Nur al-Din Zangi and Saladin Ayyubi periods (Volume 1, p. 15...
Isfahan (also referred to as Isbahan in sources), located in the Jibal region of Iran, and in the Islamic period sources of Kurdish history, it is mentioned as both a center of learning and a geog...
Alexandria (Alexandria), located in Egypt, in the region where the Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea, from antiquity to the Islamic period, it was the main center of science, education, and... in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Istanbul (formerly known as Kostantiniye / Constantinople), in the sources of Kurdish history, both in medieval Islamic geographical literature and in the Ottoman period, Kurds...
Izz al-Din Ibn Shaddad is a bureaucrat, historian, and geographer who lived during the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods (d. 684/1285). His work al-A'laq al-Khatī... which covers the emirs of Damascus and Jazira.