ENCYCLOPEDIA
Explore the topics of Kurdish history from A to Z; every entry is drawn from primary sources.
Abu Shama was a Shafi'i scholar and historian who lived in Damascus during the Ayyubid period and is known for his works on the periods of Nur al-Din and Saladin. ## His Life...
Abu al-Fida (al-Malik al-Mu'ayyad Imad al-Din Ismail) was a historian, geographer, and statesman of Ayyubid descent who lived between 672/1273-732/1331.
Akrad is a plural tribal name in classical Arabic meaning "Kurds"; its singular is "Kurd," and in early Islamic history and geography sources, it refers to the Kurds, their settlements...
Erbil (ancient Arbela) was an ancient city located in Upper Mesopotamia, in the Great Zab River basin, mentioned in sources throughout both antiquity and the Islamic period...
The Chronicle of Erbil is a Syriac chronicle that deals with events from late antiquity and the pre-Islamic period. It provides important information about pre-Islamic Kurdish history and the region's religious-social...
Erciş is a historical city located north of Lake Van, continuously mentioned in sources of Kurdish history from the Islamic period to the last years of the Ottoman Empire...
Ergani was an administrative unit attached to the Diyarbekir Eyalet during the Ottoman period, appearing in tahrir, icmal, and tevcih registers as a sanjak, liva, kaza, and sometimes a nahiye...
Armenia (Armenia) is a historical region intertwined with the geography of Kurdish history in ancient and medieval sources, extending between the Caucasus and Upper Mesopotamia...
Eruh is a Kurdish region located around present-day Siirt, mentioned in historical sources for its castle and ancient settlement. Its name appears in both ancient and Islamic period geographical literature...
Erzurum is a city and region located in Eastern Anatolia, mentioned in historical sources along with its ancient name Karin. From ancient and Islamic period sources to Ottoman...
The Ayyubids, whose foundations were laid by Saladin Yusuf b. Najm al-Din Ayyub b. Shadi, ruled a vast geography centered in Egypt, Syria, and al-Jazira from the 12th to the 15th century...
al-Bundari (Qawam al-Din Abu Ibrahim al-Fath b. Ali al-Bundari) is an author and scribe who was active during the Ayyubid period. ## Life Born in Isfahan in 586/1190…
al-Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) is the historical region located between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers. Its name is believed to derive from the expression Jazirat Ashur, meaning "Island of Assyria," b…
al-Makin (al-Makin Jirjis Ibn al-Amid) is a historian known for his general history work written in Arabic. The section of this work dedicated to the Ayyubids, after Saladin…
al-Umari (Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari), who lived in Egypt and Syria during the Mamluk period, is known for his encyclopedic geographical and administrative correspondence works that provide detailed information about the Kurds…