Memlükler

The Mamluks (Memluks) are the state that ruled Egypt and Bilad in Damascus after the Ayyubid dynasty; after the death of the last Ayyubit sultan, al-Salih Necmeddin Ayyub, the rule passed to the Mamlukhs (Volume 2, p. 78). Ibn Haldun also describes the internal disputes of the Ayyuban dynastY and the process of the weakening of their states as a result of the transition of the rule to the Memlukh. Memluk period is a period of Kurdish historical history that details both the military-political presence of the Kurds in Egypt and Bilad in Damascus and a rich geographical-historical literature (Volume 2, p. 78; Volume 2, pp. 81). According to sources, the Kurds once again took the path of Egypt after the Mongol conquest of Baghdad; some sources record that Mír Behauddin Yakub is-Sehrezorî, known as the Egyptian of the Kurd, accompanied by his relatives and tribe estimated in the thousands, came to Damascus and they later entered the service of the Bahri Maml (Volume 2, p. 78). When Bilad was subjected to the Mongol invasions of Damascus, the Kurds did not leave the natives alone, but played a major role in opposing the Mongols' invasions and the Crusader attacks (Cilt 2, p. 74). Kalkaşendî also states that the Kurdish tribal leaders had a good position among the natives and governors (Volume 2, p. 110). Makrizî de Bilad gives the names of some Kurds who were brought to high positions and duties in Damascus in the 4th / 10th century (Volumes 2, p.72). Al-Mashtub is said to have had a strong influence in the state and to have overtaken the Hakariya Kurds; because of this influence, it is said that after the death of al-Melik al-Adil in 1218 (c. 625 / m) al-Maleek al-Kamil planned a coup against al-Malik al-Camil, who had taken over Egypt, and that al-Malik el-Kamile had to flee to Yemen, after which his brother al-Maylik al -Muazzam, with the help of Jesus, crossed Bilad from Damascus to Egypt (Cilt 2, p. 80). According to An Example to Management Practices by Al-Umerî, Kalevun, a Memluk sultan who was aware of the preparation of the Kurdish insurgency under Sheikh Izeddin, shut down the Adeviyye office through his deputy Tenkiz in Damascus (Volume 2, p. 76). In the literature of the native period of Kurdish geography, many geographical books written during the nativity period contained information about the nature, mountains, rivers, valleys and plains of Kurdistan or the areas inhabited by Kurds; this literature also addressed the effects of geographic structures on the forms of socio-economic organization of Kurds (Volume 2, p. 81). The seven climatic estimates in Arabic geography also remained valid during the Memluk period; Ebü'l-Fidâ divided the surrounding areas into twenty-eight (Volume 2, p. 54). Writers of the Book of Numbers include writers of geography and historical literature of this period, including records of Kurds (Volume 2, p. 45).